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R6 2003: State of the art in 600 cc supersport

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"I believe that the new R6 represents the state of the art in 600 cc supersport technology", says Tony Maeda with a convincing expression on his face. As product planner at Yamaha Motor Europe headquarters near Amsterdam he pushed for use of the latest technologies. "This machine is completely new. For the first time we used a special casting process, (called "CF casting") for the rear arm and parts of the frame, which enables us to decrease the wall thickness dramatically. Next to the all new chassis we did lots of modifications to the engine too."

 

image Project leader Hiroshi Takimoto image image image

Hiroshi Takimoto, Engineer and project leader adds: "We have developed a model with enough of a difference in the engine and chassis that people moving up to it from the existing YZF-R6 will feel clearly how much it has improved. The new YZF-R6 is not just a brighter spec version of the old. It is a machine with new technology, new ride and new design that people will recognize as soon as they see it and ride it."

 

Summary of development targets:

Chassis: Increase cornering fun & performance

 

 

 

Engine: More exciting engine performance 90% of engine parts are newly designed

 

 

 

 

Quality: Increase quality and appeal

image A1. Deltabox III frame - Yamaha's engineering team achieved an ideal frame design with the functional and stylistic design aspects conducted in unison. While using a mold type casting method where the aluminum is forced into the mold under pressure, it was possible to create a design that needed only two welded points as opposed to 16 weld points in the previous frame This contributed significantly to weight reduction and enabled a design that achieved both a high level of rigidity and an entirely new layout and design. Due to the increased precision of the frame structure, it was possible to change the engine mounts from the existing three-point forward adjustable system to a directly rigid mount that contributes to lighter handling and increased sense for rider-machine unity. image A2. Long rear arm - The R6 rear frame and rear arm employed the "Controlled Filling Aluminum Die Casting Technology" for the first time ever on a production model. The result: the rear arm is characterized by its smooth curved form and minimal-thickness which reaches a mere 2.5mm at its thinnest points. On the rear frame as well, it is possible to achieve a minimum thickness of just 2mm at some points, thus enabling considerable weight reduction and an ideal balance between rigidity and stress absorption. The long rear arm further contributs to an improved traction with it's optimised positioning of the offset between the drive axis and the pivot axis. This axis offset has been reduced from 96mm on the existing model to 86mm on the new YZF-R6. It creates outstanding traction by reducing the effect of the chain tension during acceleration and is complemented by a 10mm increase in the length of the rear arm to 575.5mm. image A3. New front fork offset - To achieve more outstanding handling characteristics, wheelbase and caster dimensions are maintained while the front fork was offset by 5mm to 35mm, including a change in the front wheel axle bolt mechanism. The inner tube of the front fork is thinner. As a result, the bike is more stable, and feels lighter to the steering. image A4. New wheel layout - The newly designed lightweight 5-spoke wheels reduce unsprung weight, which has a positive influence on suspension sensitivity. Employing a thinned out design that treats the hub and spokes as one structural unit has enabled an optimum strength-rigidity balance. image A5. New headlights - The Gatling beam headlights look great and they have a better performance. This is accompanied by a re-shaping of the front assembly that provides superior protection as well as an impressive new look to the front face of the machine.

A. Chassis

Increase cornering fun & performance:

A1. New Deltabox III frame
Formed by mould casting in a two-piece construction, this frame is 500 grams lighter and 50% more rigid in lateral torsion compared to the pervious model. The torsional stiffness is equivalent to the Superbike racer YZF-R7's frame. This is an important factor that contributes to this model's outstanding handling characteristics.
 
A2. Long rear arm with optimised pivot for improved traction
 
A3. 35mm fork offset and other optimised dimensions for improved handling
 
A4. New-design lightweight 5-spoke wheels for lower weight
 
A5. New functional design, Gatling beam headlights for looks and function
image B1. Fuel injection - Unlike a conventional FI system in which the air volume supply is controlled by an air-flow sensor, the Yamaha suction piston type FI system uses the motion of a free piston moving in accordance with the air pressure fluctuations to regulate air intake flow. Note: A total of seven sensors are monitoring running conditions: (1) a cylinder discrimination sensor, (2) a crank rpm sensor, (3) an intake air pressure sensor, (4) an atmospheric air-pressure sensor, (5) an intake air temperature sensor, (6) a coolant temperature sensor and (7) a throttle position sensor. The data from these sensors is processed by a microcomputer and fed back into the fuel injection controller. image B1.1: Compare R1 system - Fuel injection guarantees a precise "digital" mixture of fuel and air and is a good feature to ensure low emissions and best mixture setting throughout the whole rpm range. Carburetors on the other hand have a better "analogue" response feeling and a smoother throttle pick up. The R1 new FI- system combines both system advantages. A suction valve acts like a carburetor and regulates the throttle pick up and a direct injection contributes with the correct mixture, microchip controlled and feed with information from several sensors. The result is a better throttle control which enables the rider to activate the right amount of power at any engine revolution almost linear to throttle grip operation. image B2. Direct air intake - To improve engine response further, the air cleaner capacity has been increased from 7.3 to 7.6 liters and the throttle body from 37 mm to 38 mm. The known "ram-air system" (a direct air intake system) increases intake efficiency by utilizing the natural air pressure on the front fairing during riding to increase pressure inside the air cleaner box. To accommodate the new FI system, the shape of the intake air passage has also been optimised. image B3. Titanium muffler - The exhaust system has been re-designed for improved performance and weight reduction. Highly heat-resistant titanium is used for the internal parts of the silencer while the outer cover is made of lightweight aluminum, creating a new unit that is a full kilogram less that the existing unit, even including the catalyzer element. The previous two-section interior structure of the diffuser has been replaced by a single-unit titanium structure. The double-layer tube structure, with glass wool stuffed in between the two layers, is given a curved shape which results in reduced noise and a smooth exhaust flow. This also helps prevent induced discoloration of the muffler. image B4. New engine parts - While maintaining the engine character with the same , bore-stroke dimensions, the compression ratio and the combustion chamber shape are altered to boost performance gained from an intake/exhaust efficiency. A power increase of about 3 hp has been achieved without increasing maximum engine rpm Power output: 123 HP/13,000 rpm with ram-air effect (Yamaha test data). Liner-less direct plated cylinder and new crankcase design - A new cylinder layout reduces the resistance of the piston in motion. Unlike conventional plated cylinders where a cylinder sleeve is first cast into the cylinder wall and then plated, this new cylinder has no sleeve and applies the plating directly to the inner wall of a die-cast cylinder. A better heat dissipation, optimised strength and a more accurate cylinder shape are the advantages. A new crankcase design with enlarged passages between the cylinders reduces fluctuation in air volume caused by the pumping action of the pistons. Together with a new crank balance, this minimises pumping-related horsepower loss and improves engine response.
B. Engine

More exciting engine performance.
90% of engine parts are newly designed. Key changes include:

B1. Fuel Injection system with suction piston to obtain outstanding intake efficiency.
The R6 has the same suction-piston type fuel injection (FI) system that has gained excellent reputation on the 2002 model YZF-R1.

B2. Direct air intake with enlarged passages and capacity to improve performance

B3. New-design titanium muffler to improve performance and reduce weight.

B4. New piston, crankshaft, cylinder and crankcase to improve engine response.

 

image C1. Honeycomb catalyzer - A honeycomb catalyzer mounted inside the muffler acts in combination with an Air Induction (secondary air induction) system, re-burning (oxidizing) the unburned fuel remaining in the exhaust by fresh air supply into the exhaust pipe. The remaining exhaust gas is then further cleaned in the catalyzer. This system enables the YZF-R6 to exceed EU2 emissions standards, without any sacrifice in performance. image C2. Forged parts - Forged aluminum parts are adopted for the footrest and rear shock absorber. (previously cast aluminum parts). Changes have also been made to the rear brake system (caliper, disc master cylinder changed). image C3. U-lock space - Every little bit of space is used on the R6, still the engineers did find room for a extra U-lock space under the seat. We know that the R6 will be a most wanted piece of machinery, and we don't want you to return to an empty parking space…. image C4. A cool thing: the new radiator - To accommodate the increased engine performance, the cooling system has been renewed with a round type radiator. A "ring fan" adds a ring around the outside of the fan to achieve more effective air flow for an improvement of 10 to 40% in cooling performance, compared to the existing model.

C. Quality 

Increase quality and appeal:

C1. Fast and clean: Secondary air intake & honeycomb catalyzer
 
C2. Looks great and reduces weight: Forged aluminium parts
 
C3. Against theft: U-lock storage space
 
C4. Keep it cool: New radiator


The unique quality of new R6 is that it delivers the same high level of excitement to riders of all skill levels. This is a characteristic we strive for in all Yamaha machines. Rather than build bikes which force riders to raise their skill level, our bikes respond to a rider's ability, allowing the rider to take his abilities to the next level.

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CF casting: A special casting process for light weight and strength
The new YZF-R6 is the first production model to feature all aluminium die-cast rear frame and rear arm, made by CF casting.

Material scientist Dr. Hiroshi Yamagata is responsible for the new aluminium die-casting technology in Yamaha factory in Iwata, where he explains briefly the process:

With the CF technology we can produce cast part much lighter and at the same time even stiffer than with conventional casting. We can control the thickness of the material and adjust it accordingly in different areas of the cast part. So we can have strength were we structurally need it and save weight in areas where we have a lower stress factor.

Also we can shape the parts freely and as another advantage the surface of the parts has a high quality.. We are also able to weld these cast part effectively, as you can see on the R6 swing-arm, consisting of two cast parts vertically split.

The principle of the CF Aluminium Die Casting Technology is optimising the conditions under which the hot aluminium flows into the mould. The objective is to make the molten aluminium fill the mould as effectively as possible so that it is evenly distributed in the mould before solidification begins. It allows us to produce thinner cast aluminium parts than previously yet still strong enough to be welded.

The CF (Controlled Filling) method employs precise control of the casting conditions, involving (1) an exclusively developed seal material between the two halves of the mould in order to create a more complete vacuum (six times more complete than conventional method) within the mould and thus reduce air resistance as the molten aluminium enters, (2) controlling the temperature of the mould so that the temperature of the molten aluminium remains more stable and (3) increasing the speed with which the molten aluminium is injected into the mould (five times faster) so that ideal mould filling occurs.

The result is a cast aluminium with one-fifth of oxide-content compared to conventional die-cast aluminium, which makes the material easy to weld and although thin, the parts have a high rigidity.

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Now in its fourth year, this is the first full scale model change for the R6.
Yamaha's first 600 cc supersport machine was the FZR 600, launched in 1989. Just like the R6 today, the FZR 600 was the class leading supersport machine in those days. Have a look at the history from FZR to R6 by looking at the related articles.

For more information on R6 racing equipment have a look at:  www.yamaha-racingparts.com.

 

Photo Gallery 1: 2003-YZF-R6 Details
 
Click to enlarge.

 

Photo Gallery 2: 2003-YZF-R6 Colours 
 
Click to enlarge.

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